The use of irradiation is relevant across industries, and demand will likely continue to grow. Irradiation processing typically relies on radioactive materials, such as ¹³⁷Cs and ⁶⁰Co, which present security risks, so that alternative, non-radiological methods are being adopted in research and commercial industries, and self-shielded X-ray irradiators have proven to be a widely accepted alternative technology across sectors. As adoption of X-ray irradiation increases, so do concerns regarding supply chain risks and resource management withing the industry. A large-scale disruption could have severe consequences, negatively impacting scientific research or medical treatment, and producing bottlenecks for commercially irradiated goods. No complete, single source document exists that examines the X-ray supply chain at a granular level; this project aims to evaluate the existing state of the global X-ray supply chain, identify current and potential vulnerabilities, and provide mitigation measures, to ensure future resiliency. The goal of this research is to achieve a deep understanding of the X-ray supply chain, and sustainability practices that might ensure future resiliency. Our methodology includes Subject Matter Expert (SME) interviews with relevant manufacturers and major stakeholders, a deep literature review and a meta-analysis of maintenance reports provided by self-shielded X-ray end-users. This research will communicate necessary information that can address concerns that current and future end-users may have, especially those who are interested in transitioning away from radioactive sources. Further, by extending the understanding of the X-ray supply chain, this work can also inform future policy aimed at supporting the irradiation industry.